Which group is identified as a high-risk group for dental caries?

• A. Children with special health care needs
• B. Children from low socioeconomic and ethno-cultural groups
• C. Children with suboptimal fluoride exposure
• D. Children with poor dietary and feeding habits

Answer: (A)

High-risk groups for dental caries are those with factors that tilt the balance toward decay. Children with special health care needs fit this profile because their medical conditions and treatments often create multiple, overlapping risks. Many rely on medications that reduce saliva flow or cause dry mouth, which lowers natural cleansing and mineral availability that protect teeth. Some have dietary patterns or feeding therapies that increase carbohydrate exposure, and conditions like reflux can alter the oral environment in ways that favor decay. Importantly, these children depend on caregivers for daily oral hygiene, and their physical or cognitive limitations can make brushing and flossing challenging. Access to routine dental care can also be more complex due to medical needs, scheduling, or coordinating with other treatments. Taken together, these factors elevate caries risk more consistently than the other groups listed, which is why this group is identified as high-risk and warrants targeted preventive strategies and collaboration between dental and medical teams.