Which of the following is a function of saliva?

• A. Antibacterial
• B. All of the above
• C. Antiviral
• D. Lubrication and viscoelasticity

Answer: (B)

Saliva has multiple protective and functional roles in the mouth. It contains antimicrobial components such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, and secretory IgA, which help limit bacterial growth, contributing to antibacterial defense. It also provides antiviral protection through immune factors present in saliva. In addition, saliva acts as a lubricant and creates a viscoelastic coating thanks to mucins and other glycoproteins, which protects tissues, aids speech and swallowing, and helps form a cohesive food bolus. Because it performs antibacterial, antiviral, and lubrication/viscoelastic functions, the option that includes all of these best describes saliva’s functions. Single-function choices miss other important roles, so they don’t capture the full range of saliva’s contributions.